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Women in architecture have been documented for many centuries, as professional (or amateur) practitioners, educators and clients. Since architecture became organized as a profession in 1857, the number of women in architecture has been low. At the end of the 19th century, starting in Finland, certain schools of architecture in Europe began to admit women to their programmes of study. In 1980 M. Rosaria Piomelli, born in Italy, became the first woman to hold a deanship of any school of architecture in the United States, as Dean of the City College of New York School of Architecture. However, only in recent years have women begun to achieve wider recognition with several outstanding participants including two Pritzker prizewinners since the turn of the millennium. However, despite the fact that some 40% of architecture graduates in the western world are now women, not more than 12% are estimated to be practicing as licensed or registered architects.〔(Suzanne Stephens, "Not Only Zaha. What is it like to be a female architect with a solely owned firm in the U.S. today?" ), ''Architectural Record'', December 2006. Retrieved 20 April 2012.〕 ==Early examples== Two European women stand out as early examples of women playing an important part in architecture, designing or defining the development of buildings under construction. In France, Katherine Briçonnet (ca. 1494–1526) was influential in designing the Château de Chenonceau in the Loire Valley, supervising the construction work between 1513 and 1521 and taking important architectural decisions while her husband was away fighting in the Italian wars.〔(M. E. Aubry-Vitet, "Chenonceau" ), in ''Revue des deux mondes'', no 69 (1867), p.855. 〕 In Britain, there is evidence that Lady Elizabeth Wilbraham (1632–1705) studied the work of the Dutch architect Pieter Post as well as that of Palladio in Veneto, Italy, and the Stadtresidenz at Landshut, Germany.〔John Millar (''The first woman architect'' ), The Architects' Journal, 11 November 2010. Retrieved 16 April 2012.〕 She has been put forward as the architect of Wotton House in Buckinghamshire and of many other buildings. It has also been suggested that she tutored Sir Christopher Wren. Wilbraham had to use male architects to supervise the construction work.〔Jay Merrick (''Elizabeth Wilbraham, the first lady of architecture'' ), The Independent, 16 February 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2012.〕 Towards the end of the 18th century, another Englishwoman, Mary Townley (1753–1839), tutored by the artist Sir Joshua Reynolds, designed several buildings in Ramsgate in south-eastern England including Townley House which is considered to be an architectural gem.〔(Paul Nettleingham, "Townley House in Ramsgate" ), ''Michaels Bookshop Ramsgate''. Retrieved 16 April 2012.〕 Sarah Losh (1785-1853) was an English woman and landowner of Wreay. She has been described as a lost Romantic genius, antiquarian, architect and visionary. Her main work is St Mary's Church (Wreay), Cumbria, but she also constructed various associated buildings and monuments.〔(St Mary's Church Wreay ) (Accessed Sept 2012)〕〔Uglow, Jenny (2012) ''The Pinecone'', Faber and Faber〕〔Bullen, J. B. (2001) Sara Losh: Architect, Romantic, Mythologist ''The Burlington Magazine'', Vol. 143, No. 1184, Nov., pp. 676-684〕 File:Castle of Chenonceau 12.jpg|Katherine Briçonnet: Chenonceau tower (1521) File:Wotton House cropped.jpg|Wotton House, Buckinghamshire (1714), possibly designed by Elizabeth Wilbraham File:Mary Townley Townley House Ramsgate.jpg|Mary Townley: Townley House, Ramsgate (1780) File:St. Mary's Church Wreay, side view - geograph.org.uk - 561277.jpg| Sarah Losh: St Mary's Church, Wreay (1842) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「women in architecture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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